Page d’acceuil/Articles principaux/Qui a envoyé des jeunes tunisiens combattre avec Daech : les premières révélations du ministre de l’Intérieur, Hédi Mejdoub
Qui a envoyé des jeunes tunisiens combattre avec Daech : les premières révélations du ministre de l’Intérieur, Hédi Mejdoub
Premier pas décisif accompli ce vendredi par la Commission parlementaire d’enquête sur les conditions d’envoi de jeunes tunisiens combattre dans des zones de tension sous la bannière de l’Etat islamique, en Irak et en Syrie. L’audition du ministre de l’Intérieur, Hédi Mejdoub qui était accompagné par ses principaux collaborateurs concernés a été instructive à plus d’un titre. Le pari lancé par la présidente de la Commission, Leila Chettaoui de Nidaa Tounes (qui est à l’origine de cette initiative, comme le révèlera Amina Zoghlami, d’Ennahdha) augure de résultats prometteurs. D’ores et déjà, on apprend que rien qu’en 2016, 245 cellules d’envoi de jeunes ont été démantelées et que 27 371 personnes ont été empêchées de quitter le territoire, entre 2013 et 2016. D’autres révélations seront faites. Un bon début.
Le mandat précis est d’enquêter sur les réseaux d’enrôlement qui se sont impliqués dans l’envoi de jeunes tunisiens dans des zones de combat. » Certains y ont vu l’impératif d’y confondre certains partis politiques et des associations de leur giron, alors que d’autres ont surtout cherché, sans parti-pris, de connaître la vérité. « Ni tous accusés, ni tous innocents, il s’agit d’accéder à l’information exacte et non à des supputations, afin d’éviter la réédition de pareil drame », soulignera Ferida Laabidi (Ennahdha). « Ca sera une introduction à la dépollution du climat politique des rumeurs toxiques », enchaînera Abdellatif Mekki (Ennahdha).
« L’aboutissement réussi de nos travaux, sera un succès pour la Commission, l’ARP, le gouvernement et l’Etat tant qu’il privilégiera la recherche de la vérité. Nous n’y sommes pas encore parvenus au sujet de l’assassinat de Chokri Belaid ou de Haj Mohamed Brahmi. Nous avons aujourd’hui une nouvelle occasion pour le faire sur une question aussi délicate que celle-ci », préviendra Leila Hamrouni (Indépendante).
Didactique, le ministre Mejdoub rappellera en introduction préliminaire que la définition d’un réseau suppose l’existence à la base d’une cellule formée d’au moins un chef et un complice, qui se connecte ou non à un réseau. La première phase de lavage de cerveau se fait soit directement à travers des prêches enflammés dans les mosquées (alors hors de contrôle officiel), en cercles restreints, ou sur les réseaux sociaux. L’influence exercée par des voisins, des parents et des amis s’y ajoute. Quant aux financements, ils peuvent provenir de sources tunisiennes (collecte d’obole, associations, donateurs privés et autres) comme de l’étranger.
Le départ, une fois préparé, se fait soit à travers les postes frontaliers réglementaires, ou clandestinement vers la Libye. Le circuit emprunté, avec essentiellement la Libye comme première étape vers la Turquie, peut passer par la Serbie, le Maroc, Dubaï, voire-même le Portugal ou la Grèce. Quant aux documents de voyages, il s’agit soit de passeports tunisiens en bonne et due forme (rarement falsifiés) ou de vrais-faux passeports libyens.
Quelle est la stratégie adoptée ?
Le ministre de l’Intérieur a révélé que depuis le déclenchement du phénomène à partir du 3ème trimestre 2012, une stratégie en trois axes a été élaborée et progressivement mise en œuvre. Elle repose en premier lieu sur le renseignement (collecte d’informations, constitution d’une base de données, traçage des flux financiers étrangers, écoute, surveillance de lieux précis, suivi des réseaux sociaux, etc.). Le deuxième axe est celui du traitement des cas signalés (investigations, enquêtes, interrogatoires, coopération avec les services vis-à-vis, etc. Quant au troisième axe, il est préventif avec notamment l’interdiction de voyage.
Avec quels résultats ?
Hédi Mejdoub ne sera pas avare en données chiffrées. Le démantèlement des cellules d’envoi de jeunes dans des zones de combat affiche des résultats croissants depuis 2013. C’est ainsi qu’on est passé de 100 cellules en 2013, à 197 en 2015 (339 personnes traduites en justice) et 245 en 2016 (573 personnes déférées devant la justice). Selon diverses estimations, le nombre des Tunisiens actifs dans des zones de tension serait de l’ordre de 3000 actuellement, dont 60% en Syrie et 30% en Libye alors que les 10% restants se trouvent dans d’autres pays. Ils sont essentiellement du genre masculin (96%) et pour la plupart âgés entre 24 et 28 ans. Ceux qui sont rentrés en Tunisie seraient au nombre de 800 et ceux déclarés décédés dans des zones de combat près de 800, un chiffre à prendre avec précaution tant aucune preuve (notamment ADN) n’est disponible.
Au titre de l’effort préventif, depuis 2013, pas moins de 27 371 personnes ont été empêchées de quitter le territoire dont une bonne proportion suspectée de vouloir s’enrôler sous la bannière de Daech.
Qui en est le principal responsable ?
Les membres de la Commission mettront le ministre de l’Intérieur, Hédi Mejdoub et le directeur général de la Police des Frontières et du contrôle des étrangers à rude épreuve. Leurs questions essentielles tournent autour de deux grandes questions : qui sont les vrais incitateurs, facilitateurs, recruteurs et organisateurs et quelles pressions subies par les services du ministère pour délivrer des passeports, lever des interdictions de voyage ou apporter d’autres facilités ? Bottant en touche, le ministre s’échinera, sur un ton toujours serein, de dédouaner les politiques affirmant qu’il ne fait pas assumer la responsabilité à aucune partie précise. Il citera cependant certaines associations (dont il communiquera la liste à la Commission. »
Les trois passeports du terroriste Noureddine Chouchane
Lotfi Sghaier, directeur général de la Police des Frontières (d’abord entre 2012 et 2013, puis depuis février 2016) le confirmera en apportant des détails techniques. « Jamais nous n’avons émis la moindre instruction pour autoriser l’octroi de passeports dans des conditions opaques ou lever l’interdiction de voyage, dira-t-il. Certains cas, fort regrettables, comme celui du terroriste Noureddine Chouchane qui a obtenu en 2011, trois passeports à la fois, l’un à Gênes, le deuxième à Rome et le troisième en Tunisie, méritent explication. En pleine vague d’émigration clandestine vers l’Italie, une forte pression avait été exercée sur nos services consulaires pour obtenir quasiment de force un passeport. C’est ce qui s’était malheureusement passé. Puis, une erreur a été commise par un agent en Tunisie qui a d’ailleurs a été traduit devant le Conseil d’Honneur».
La procédure S17
Le débat ne s’arrêtera pas là. Sur quelle base est établie la fameuse procédure S17, instaurant une nécessaire consultation de la hiérarchie dans chaque cas suspect, avant d’autoriser le voyage ? Y a-t-il risque d’abus de pouvoir ? Comment s’organise la coopération internationale ? Quel rôle joue notre mission sécuritaire installée à Damas et dans d’autres capitales… Les réponses fourniront de premières pistes.
L’audition du ministre Mejdoub aura tenu le contrat établi d’un commun accord. Leila Chettaoui, vivement félicitée par ses pairs comme par les invités profitera de ce premier exercice pour proposer un pilote aux membres de la Commission à améliorer au cours des prochaines auditions. La liste comprend les anciens ministres de l’Intérieur, Ridha Boukadi (Ennahdha), ancien ambassadeur à Tripoli et d’autres acteurs et témoins significatifs.
Vous pouvez lire l'article depuis sa source sur Leaders
Le ministère public au Pôle judiciaire de lutte contre le terrorisme a ordonné, ce vendredi …
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